Led by Salman Akhtar, MD. While retaining the ‘trio of guideposts’ ( Pine, 1997) constituted by anonymity, abstinence, and neutrality, contemporary psychoanalysis has witnessed many changes in its theoretical base and clinical praxis. These include (1) a greater developmental orientation, (ii) a tendency to judiciously accommodate the frame to the patient’s sociocultural ethos, (iii) a greater appreciation of bilingualism as it affects associations and revelations and, paradoxically, of the multiple functions of silence, (iv) refinement of the concepts and uses of both transference and countertransference,(v) the deployment of development-facilitating interventions, (vi) responsiveness to the religious and spiritual dimensions of the patient’s lives, and (vii) inclusion of newer and unusual interventions like refusing to listen to certain kinds of material or invocation of imaginary interlocutors for the purposes of interpretation.